杜甫「麗人行」之翻譯及註釋
杜甫「麗人行」之翻譯及註釋
偶然在網上看到Mark Perlberg (1920-2006)英譯的杜甫麗人行，有點意見，茲就其譯文，逐句抄評如次：
The
elegant women
By Tu
Fu (712-770)
On the third day of the third month, in
fresh weather.
The elegant women of the capital stroll on the river bank
Their
manner regal and remote, their faces delicate,
Their figures shapely
and pleasing.
Wrapped in filmy silks bright with peacocks and silver unicorns,
They illumine the spring evening. ﹝應譯為 late spring﹞
What do they wear in their
hair?
The hummingbird headdress with jade leaves dangling
Past their lips. ﹝不應譯為嘴唇﹞
What do you see
upon their shoulders? ﹝應譯為 from behind, 或 from the back.﹞
Capes with crushed pearls at their waists that cling
To their bodies.
One even glimpses from time to time. ﹝錯得離譜﹞
Glittering beneath the canopies of the empresses' pavilion,
Those great ladies of
the empire, Kuo and.Ch'in.
Purple Steak from the camel’s hump broiled in a
glistening pan,
And the white flesh of fish are set out in rows of crystal dishes. ﹝rows of 可免﹞
But the satiated ones stay their rhinoceros chopsticks,
And morsels minced by belled
knives lie untouched.
Yet still the palace eunuchs arrive.
They rein in their horses without so much as stirring dust.
And set before the guests food rare as jewels
Brought from the eight corners of the earth. ﹝八珍譯錯﹞
The music of pipes and
drums, strange enough to move
the dead,
Accompanies the feast. .A fast retinue blocks the main road. ﹝譯者不明原意﹞
Then in measured paces a saddled
horse arrives;
The rider dismounts and enters on embroidered carpets.
Willow-down drifts like snow, masking white duckweed flowers;
And a bluebird flies off with a
scarlet kerchief in his beak. ﹝這兩句很難譯﹞
Be careful! So great is his
power, his lightest touch can burn. ﹝為何不說 so powerful he is that his lightest touch
can burn﹞
Do not approach the prime minister too close.
He may be angry. ﹝be 改作 get 是否妥當一點？﹞
Translated by Mark Perlberg (1920-2006),
from Sunflower Splendor
麗人行 杜甫
三月三日天氣新 ﹝上祀修禊，出外踏青。﹞
長安水邊多麗人
態濃意遠淑且真
肌理細膩骨肉勻
繡羅衣裳照暮春
蹙金孔雀銀麒麟 ﹝形容上句羅衣上的金銀繡像﹞
頭上何所有
翠微盍葉垂鬢唇 ﹝鬢唇即鬢邊，翠是翡翠，盍葉是髮飾的一種。﹞
背後何所見
珠壓腰衱穩稱身 ﹝腰衱即長裙﹞
就中雲幕椒房親 ﹝雲幕，舖設之帳幕如同雲霧。椒房親指皇后的親戚。﹞
賜名大國虢與秦 ﹝虢國夫人是楊貴妃之三妹，秦國夫人是其八妹。﹞
紫駝之峰出翠釜 ﹝翠釜，翡翠之釜﹞
水精之盤行素鱗 ﹝水精即水晶，上盛白色的魚，色彩鮮明。﹞
犀箸饜飫久未下 ﹝犀箸，犀牛角的筷子。﹞
鸞刀縷切空紛綸 ﹝鷥刀，有鷥鈴的寶刀。空紛綸，表示切膾得精細但沒人下箸。﹞
黃門飛鞚不動塵 ﹝黃門是宦官，鞚是馬的勒頭。﹞
御廚絡繹送八珍 ﹝八珍依周禮指淳熬、淳母、炮豚、炮牂、擣珍、蹟、熬、肝膋。﹞
簫鼓哀吟感鬼神 ﹝聽在詩人耳中成為哀聲。﹞
賓從雜遝實要津 ﹝雜遝，眾多之意。賓客都是位居要津的大官。﹞
後來鞍馬何逡巡 ﹝後來的賓客都進不去了。﹞
當軒下馬入錦茵
楊花雪落覆白蘋 ﹝少陵表面寫景，實用魏太后私通楊華事譏楊國忠私通虢國夫人。﹞
青鳥飛去銜紅巾 ﹝青鳥指楊貴妃之使者，「紅巾」指其上所書之信息。﹞
炙手可熱勢絕倫 ﹝此句明明是譏刺。﹞
慎莫近前丞相嗔 「丞相指楊國忠」
註：
一、國忠於天寶十一年﹝公元752年﹞十一月拜相，少陵此詩作於次年春天。
二、「楊花雪落」一句引用故典暗諷楊國忠私通虢國夫人。北魏胡太后逼奸楊白花，楊懼禍而逃，改名楊華。她相思難奈，創作《楊白花》一詩云：「陽春二三月，楊柳齊作花。春風一夜入閨闥，楊花飄蕩落南家。含情出户脚無力，拾得楊花淚沾臆。秋去春還雙燕子，愿銜楊花入窠里。」
三、「青鳥」一句引西王母將見漢武帝時，先遣青鳥為使。「紅巾」是女人所用，本來以魚雁互通音訊時用「素書」，因為白色的絲巾方可著墨。此句特用紅巾一詞，不僅明示為女人所用，而且其中信息也非久違思念，而有羅曼蒂克的意味在內。
四、本詩從遊春的仕女聚焦到貴婦，再聚焦到楊氏姊妹一家，然後集中焦點到楊玉環及楊國忠兄妹身上，詩人使讀者不自覺的帶入他所要描述的境界，
五、本詩著意描寫帝眷遊春之盛事，看起來熱鬧滾滾，然事裡行間卻隱現着危機。如此之驕，如此之奢，如此之寵，焉能久乎？果然安祿山於公元755年造反，次年玄宗奔蜀，在馬嵬坡禁軍嘩變，誅楊國忠，楊玉環賜死。距杜公寫此詩不過三年。
就 Mark Pealbery 譯文試改如下，歡迎提供意見：
On the third day of the third month, in fresh weather.
The beautiful women of the capital stroll on the river bank.
Their manner regal and remote, naturally elegant,
Their figures shapely, skins smooth and delicate.
Wrapped in filmy silks bright with peacocks and silver unicorns,
They illumine the late spring.
What do they wear in their head?
The ornaments with jade leaves dangling
Past the edges of hairline.
What do you see from behind?
Long skirts with pearls around the waists that cling
To their bodies.
The canopies of the tents spread like clouds,
Beneath them are the great ladies, queen’s relatives
They are bestowed the titles of lady Gu and Lady Chin.
Delicious Steaks from the purple camel’s hump,
Are presented on the jade plate.
And the white fleshes of fish are set out in crystal dishes.
But the satiated ones stay their rhinoceros chopsticks,
And delicacies carefully sliced by belled knives lie untouched.
Yet still the palace eunuchs arrive.
They rein in their horses without so much as stirring dust.
And continually set before the
guests rare precious savories.
The music of pipes and drums, sad enough to move the dead,
VIPs, with their entourages, hustle around.
The late arrivals, still on their saddles, mill around.
Dismount and enter on embroidered carpets.
Willow-down drifts like snow, masking white duckweed flowers;
And a bluebird flies off with a message
on scarlet kerchief in his beak.
Watch out! The power is so great, that his lightest touch can burn.
So, do not approach the prime minister too close.
He may get angry.
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